倒装句,英语重要句型结构之一。主要特征就是颠倒主谓顺序,如下列句子:
陈述语序:主语+谓语 eg.The bus comes here.
倒装语序:谓语+主语 eg. Here comes the bus.
功能:起强调作用
例如:He swears that never will he give up to the difficulty.
他发誓绝不会像困难屈服。(强调“never绝不”)
形式结构
全部倒装:全部谓语+主语
部分倒装:部分谓语+主语+谓语剩余部分 (be/V助/V情+主+谓语另一半)
三种类型倒装句的句首特殊词
全倒装特殊词/半倒装特殊词/形式倒装
一、全倒装特殊词
1.表时间、地点、方位的副词及介词
here/there/in/out/away/now/then/up/down
eg. There stands a tall tree. 这儿有一棵很高大的树。
2.表地点的介词短语
in the room/on the road/under the tree
eg. Under the tree lies a boy. 树下躺着一个男孩。
*注意
1.there be 句型
there be .../there exist... /there stand .../there flow.../there lie.../there grow...
eg. There lies a boy. 这儿躺着一个男孩。
2.人称代词不全倒
eg. Here you are. 给你。
二、半特殊倒装词
“四否”
1.否定副词或介词短语
否定副词:
no/not/few/little/seldom/never/hardly/scarecely/no sooner
介词短语:
绝不=in no way=by means=on no occasion=on no account=at no time=under no circumstances
2.Not until ... 直到...才...
eg. Not until midnight did I fall asleep.
我直到凌晨才睡着。
eg. I didn't know it until he told me the truth.
直到他告诉我,我才知道真相。
eg. Not until he told me the truth did I know it.
直到他告诉我,我才知道真相。
3.Not only...(but also...)不仅...(而且)
eg. Not only does he speak English well, but also he speaks French well. 他不仅英语说得好,法语也说得很好。
4.一...就...(句型)
Hardly had + 主+done when +主+did
Scarcely had + 主+done when +主+did
No sooner had + 主+done when +主+did
三、“两 so”
1. so + adj. +be/助/情+主语+其它
2.对上文一致的回答:也......
肯定一致回答:so+be/助/情+主语
eg. Tom is good at French, so is his brother. 汤姆擅长法语,他哥哥也是。
否定一致回答:neither/nor+be/助/情/主语
eg. I don't know what happened to him, nor do I care. 我不知道他怎么了,我也不在乎。
*注:
so +主+be/助/情(的确如此)
上文出现两种情况时的一致回答:so it is/was with...
Only+状语
eg. Only in this way can you lose weight.
只有这样你才能减下肥。
四、虚拟倒装
在非真实条件句中,省略if并提前
“should/had/were”
形式倒装
as表“虽然”
1.n./adj./adv.+as+主+谓
注意:n.前省略冠词
e.g.Rich as he is, he does not feel happy. 他很富有,但他并不快乐。
2. v.+as+主+V助/V情